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Handling regression

How to handle regression after board and train

Something slipping after a stay is common, and it has a well-studied explanation. The counter gets checked again, the pull toward one particular dog comes back, the recall works everywhere except the yard. What matters is catching it early, finding the cause and resetting calmly.

Trainer in a Dogtown shirt working with a hound mix on a raised cot

Why it happens

Regression happens because new learning does not erase old habits; it sits beside them and depends on context

Behavior science has a name for much of this. In a 2002 review in Biological Psychiatry, the psychologist Mark Bouton summarized a large body of evidence that when an old response fades, the original learning is not destroyed. The new learning is stored alongside it and depends heavily on context, and the old response tends to come back when the context changes, most often on a return to the place where it was first learned. Researchers call that the renewal effect.

Read that with a board and train in mind. The new habits were built in our building; the old ones were built in your kitchen, your hall and your street. Coming home is a return to the original context, so some renewal is to be expected. Bouton also described spontaneous recovery, an old response returning after time has passed, which is why a habit that seemed gone in week one can surface in week four. Neither means the training failed.

The reset

Reset in seven steps: describe it, rule out pain, manage it, drop back, pay more, practice on the spot and review

The reset follows what the research suggests: rebuild the new habit in the context where the old one lives, and stop the old habit paying off in the meantime. Bouton pointed to evidence that learning practiced in several settings holds up better when the setting changes, and he suggested that treatment works best in the setting where the problem happens. That is why step six moves practice into the trouble spot itself instead of leaving it in the easy rooms.

Management carries you through the gap. While you rebuild, arrange things so the old habit cannot happen or cannot pay: a gate at the door, a leash on in the house for a few days, food off the counter, the curtain drawn on the window your dog barks through. AVSAB's position statement gives management a vital role in every training plan. It is not cheating, and it does not have to be forever.

  1. 01

    Describe the slip: write down what happened, where, when and who was there, in one or two lines.

  2. 02

    Rule out pain first: if the change was sudden or came with limping, licking, appetite or toilet changes, see your vet.

  3. 03

    Manage the trigger: use a gate, a leash or a tidy counter so the old habit cannot happen or pay while you work.

  4. 04

    Drop back a step: rerun the skill where it last worked, at the easiest level, until the response is quick again.

  5. 05

    Pay more for a week: raise both how often you reward and how good the reward is.

  6. 06

    Practice in the trouble spot: once the easy version is solid, run short, easy repetitions right where the slip happens.

  7. 07

    Review in two weeks: compare your notes, and if nothing has moved, book help instead of pushing harder.

Other causes

Not every slip is renewal: pain, adolescence, fading rewards and changes at home are common causes too

Pain sits at the top of the list because it is easy to miss. A 2020 review in the journal Animals by Daniel Mills and colleagues estimated, conservatively, that around a third of dogs and cats referred for problem behavior had some painful condition, and it urged vets to treat suspected pain first. A dog that suddenly guards, snaps, avoids being touched or soils indoors belongs with a vet before it sees a trainer.

Adolescence is the next suspect. A 2020 study in Biology Letters followed young guide-dog candidates and found that at eight months they were more likely than at five months to ignore their own carer's sit cue, while their response to a stranger improved; the authors described a passing phase. Rewards quietly drying up tells any dog the deal has changed. And a new baby, a move, a new work schedule, a nor'easter week stuck indoors or a summer of house guests shifts the routine a dog depends on.

  • Sudden change, or change with physical signs: the vet first
  • An adolescent dog: expect wobbles and keep going
  • Rewards quietly dropped: raise them again
  • A new baby, a move or a new schedule: rebuild the routine

Mistakes we see

Regression gets worse with punishment, a change of method or months of waiting

Punishing the slip does the most damage. AVSAB's 2021 position statement lists leash jerking, shouting, squirt bottles and forceful handling among the techniques to avoid, and it links aversive methods to anxiety, fear-related aggression and avoidance. A dog that is scolded at the front door learns to fear the front door, which makes the original problem harder to fix and adds a new one on top of it.

Switching methods is the second mistake: a new word, a new tool or a technique from a video replaces the routine the dog knows, and the dog has to start again from nothing. Keep the cues, rewards and equipment from the go-home lesson. The third mistake is waiting months to see whether it sorts itself out. A habit that pays for months grows stronger every week, so act within a week or two of noticing it.

  • Scolding, leash pops or a squirt bottle
  • New words or a new tool from a video
  • Skipping the easy steps to fix it faster
  • Waiting months before asking for help

When to call us

Call us when the reset has not helped within two weeks, and call your vet first when the change is sudden

Send us a short description through the Dogtown app, or use the training form, which gets a reply within one hour on business days. If your dog did Advanced and the second scheduled coaching lesson has not happened yet, a slip is exactly what to bring to it. Otherwise a private session, from $94, lets a trainer see the slip happen and adjust the plan. A short phone clip of the moment it goes wrong is worth a page of description.

Some slips point to a different program. Adolescents whose impulse control has fallen away do well in Calm & Connected, while fear or reactivity that has surfaced at home belongs in Focus & Flow, 6 weeks and 12 sessions, or React Less, Relax More, 8 weeks and 16 sessions. Growling, snapping or a bite needs your vet and a consult before any training. Our board and train page sets out what each stay covered. While you reset, Academy days at $89 full or $69 half add trainer time, and the Pup Van brings dogs from Rockport, Gloucester, Essex and Manchester-by-the-Sea for $10 each way.

At Dogtown

When a reset needs a trainer

Private sessions and Dogtown's longer programs pick up where a home reset stops working.

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Asked and answered

Questions people ask about this

Short, complete answers you can act on today. More in the full FAQ.

Is it normal for training to slip after board and train?
Yes, some slipping is common, especially in the first weeks home and in the rooms where the old habits were learned. Research on learning shows that old responses are stored rather than erased, and that they can return when the setting changes. The answer is a calm reset in that room, not a new program.
Does regression mean the board and train did not work?
No. It means the new habit has not yet spread to every place and every person. A dog that learned a skill in one setting needs practice in each new one before it is reliable there. Look at what still works: those parts of the training took, and they are what you rebuild from.
How long does a reset take?
It depends on how long the old habit ran and how quickly you caught the slip. Give a reset two weeks of short daily practice before judging it. If nothing has improved by then, or things are getting worse, ask a trainer to look rather than pushing harder on the same plan.
My dog was fine for a month and then slipped. Why now?
Old habits can resurface after time passes, which researchers call spontaneous recovery, and a change at home can set them off too. Check what changed: the season, the schedule, a visitor, the rewards. Then run the reset steps, starting with a vet check if the change came on suddenly or with physical signs.
Should I send my dog back for another stay?
Not as a first step. A slip at home is best fixed at home, where the old habit lives, with a reset and perhaps a private session. A second stay can make sense for a dog that needs more skills, but that is a decision for a consult with Gabriella Pope, not a reaction to one bad week.

More questions? Read the full FAQ

Next step

Get the reset right

Describe the slip, where it happens and when it started. The training team replies to the form within one hour on business days.

  1. 01Free evaluationWeekdays 6:30 – 9:30 AM
  2. 02Book a dayOnline, in the app or by phone
  3. 03Play, rest, repeatReport card at pick-up

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